If \( y \) is not free in \( \varphi \), \( x \) is not free in \( [ y / x ] \, \varphi \). Usage of this theorem is discouraged because it depends on [ax-13]. Check out [bj-hbsb3v] for a weaker version requiring fewer axioms. (Contributed by NM, 14-May-1993.) (New usage is discouraged.)